Organized Sources Are Spatially Conserved in Recurrent Compared to Pre‐Ablation Atrial Fibrillation: Further Evidence for Non‐Random Electrical Substrates

Abstract

Electrical propagation patterns for recurrent AF after unsuccessful ablation are similar in individual patients to their index AF. These data support temporospatial stability of AF substrates over 1-2 years. Trials should determine the relative benefit of adding substrate mapping and ablation to PVI for recurrent AF.