Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers

Abstract

<b>Objective:</b> To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. <b>Method:</b> In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (4th ed.; <i>DSM-IV</i>; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. <b>Results:</b> Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% (<i>n</i> = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. <b>Conclusion:</b> ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.