Liver Changes in Hamsters Infected with a Liver Fluke of Man, Opisthorchis Viverrini

Abstract

Many turbulent flows are subject to periodic modulation, examples are the flow in an internal combustion engine, the pulsatile blood flow through arteries, and geophysical flows driven by periodic tides. When the modulation is slow, the turbulence will adjust adiabatically, but when the modulation period comes close to an internal time scale of the flow, the turbulence may resonate with the driving. Such a time scale may be the large-eddy turnover time. The possibility of resonance is intriguing as one may object that turbulence does not have a single time scale, but a continuum of strongly fluctuating times.