Prognostic Factors for Survival in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological data of pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (LHD) are limited. This study investigated hemodynamic and clinical factors associated with mortality in patients with PH due to LHD. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a retrospective review in 243 patients with PH due to LHD, defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥25 mmHg and pulmonary wedge pressure >15 mmHg at rest in right heart catheterization. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed. Seventy-five patients died during an average follow-up of 52 months (range, 20-73 months). On multivariate analysis, only diastolic pulmonary vascular pressure gradient (DPG) ≥7 mmHg among hemodynamic measurements was a predictor of mortality. Elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP), more severe New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, anemia, and renal dysfunction were more strongly associated with mortality. Mean right atrial pressure (RAP) and currently available markers of pulmonary vascular remodeling including transpulmonary pressure gradient (TPG) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) had no effect on survival. CONCLUSIONS: DPG is weakly associated with mortality in PH due to LHD. Clinical factors such as NT-pro BNP, NYHA class, anemia and renal dysfunction are superior predictors. The prognostic ability of hemodynamic factors such as mean RAP, TPG, PVR and DPG is limited.