Review of current palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment methods: vermicomposting as a sustainable practice.

Abstract

Abstract: The total oil palm cover has increased in the last few years, with a consequent boost in palm oil production. As a result, palm oil waste which is a by-product of the milling process will also increase. The palm oil production process in mills consists of several unit operations. The processing of fresh fruit bunches of oil palm results in the generation of different types of residue. Among the waste generated, palm oil mill effluent (POME) is considered the most harmful waste for the environment if discharged untreated. Palm oil mill effluent is a thick brownish liquid that contains high solids, oil and grease, COD and BOD values. Several treatment technologies have been used for POME treatment, since the direct discharge of POME adversely affects the environment. Due to the presence of high total solids in POME, attempts have been made to convert this waste into valuable products such as feed stock and organic fertilizer. Although POME is organic in nature, it is difficult to decompose in natural conditions. Earthworms can digest the POME producing valuable products such as vermicompost. Vermicompost is a useful product rich in nutrients that can be used as fertilizer in oil palm plantations. This review discusses the various ongoing treatment techniques of POME. The effective treatment of POME using vermicomposting technique is suggested as a good alternative sustainable management practice of this waste. Key words: Oil palm Palm oil mill effluent Palm oil mill waste Vermicomposting