Understanding the adaptive approach to thermal comfort

TLDR

Thermal comfort is achieved through people’s adaptive actions across diverse indoor temperatures, with equilibria shaped by system restrictions and environmental conditions such as climate and HVAC regimes. The paper presents and explains an adaptive model for thermal comfort. The model estimates indoor temperatures from mean outdoor temperature and HVAC availability, and its parameters are calibrated using cross‑sectional and sequential surveys of occupants. The adaptive approach suggests revising thermal comfort standards and has implications for HVAC design.

Abstract

This paper explains the adaptive approach to thermal comfort, and an adaptive model for thermal comfort is presented. The model is an example of a complex adaptive system (Casti 1996) whose equilibria are determined by the restrictions acting upon it. People`s adaptive actions are generally effective in securing comfort, which occurs at a wide variety of indoor temperatures. These comfort temperatures depend upon the circumstances in which people live, such as the climate and the heating or cooling regime. The temperatures may be estimated from the mean outdoor temperature and the availability of a heating or cooling plant. The evaluation of the parameters of the adaptive model requires cross-sectional surveys to establish current norms and sequential surveys (with and without intervention) to evaluate the rapidity of people`s adaptive actions. Standards for thermal comfort will need revision in the light of the adaptive approach. Implications of the adaptive model for the HVAC industry are noted.