Prevalence of some threatening pests and disease of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in Bihar state of India

Abstract

Studies were conducted to assess the prevalence and damage caused by four threatening pests <i>viz.</i>, red weevil (<i>Apoderus blandus</i>), looper (<i>Perixera illepidaria</i>), leaf roller (<i>Dudua aprobola</i>), bagworm (<i>Eumeta crameri</i>) and one disease, ‘leaf and twig blight’ (caused by <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> Penz., and <i>Gloeosporium</i> sp.) at National Research Centre for Litchi (NRCL) that were hitherto either unnoticed or of minor importance. Fixed plot surveys at the NRCL Experimental Farm and scouting surveys in farmers’ litchi orchard in major litchi growing areas of Bihar state were conducted during 2011-2012. The studies revealed the damaging potential and period of occurrence of these pests and disease in the major litchi growing areas. <i>A. blandus</i> was prevalent round the year except during extreme cool and hot weather months whereas <i>P. illepidaria</i> was prevalent from September-November and <i>E. crameri </i>during November-February. Peak infestation of <i>D. aprobola </i>was during July-February. Infestation of <i>A. blandus, D. aprobola, </i>and <i>E. crameri </i>drastically affected the growth of tree whereas <i>P. illepidaria</i> damaged the September flush that bears panicle in the ensuing season. The ‘leaf and twig blight’ disease was prevelent from the beginning of August to the end of February. These pests and disease are now important not only in Bihar but also other litchi growing states of India. Considering their importance, there is a need for continuous surveillance particularly during the likely period of occurrence so that effective management strategies can be adopted. This paper reports occurrence of <i>E. crameri </i>on litchi for the first time from India.