Advancing Polar Prediction Capabilities on Daily to Seasonal Time Scales

TLDR

Polar climate change is attracting attention due to its perceptible impacts, offering opportunities such as shorter shipping routes but also risks like industrial accidents, while limited observations and poorly represented local processes have historically lowered priority for the region. The study identifies research priorities to advance polar environmental prediction and proposes a Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) from mid‑2017 to mid‑2019 to unite research, operational forecasting, stakeholders, and education. Key actions include improving the polar observing system, employing coupled atmosphere–sea ice–ocean models for short‑term prediction, and investigating polar–lower‑latitude linkages to enhance forecasting. The authors argue that polar prediction systems are underdevelop.

Abstract

Abstract The polar regions have been attracting more and more attention in recent years, fueled by the perceptible impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Polar climate change provides new opportunities, such as shorter shipping routes between Europe and East Asia, but also new risks such as the potential for industrial accidents or emergencies in ice-covered seas. Here, it is argued that environmental prediction systems for the polar regions are less developed than elsewhere. There are many reasons for this situation, including the polar regions being (historically) lower priority, with fewer in situ observations, and with numerous local physical processes that are less well represented by models. By contrasting the relative importance of different physical processes in polar and lower latitudes, the need for a dedicated polar prediction effort is illustrated. Research priorities are identified that will help to advance environmental polar prediction capabilities. Examples include an improvement of the polar observing system; the use of coupled atmosphere–sea ice–ocean models, even for short-term prediction; and insight into polar–lower-latitude linkages and their role for forecasting. Given the enormity of some of the challenges ahead, in a harsh and remote environment such as the polar regions, it is argued that rapid progress will only be possible with a coordinated international effort. More specifically, it is proposed to hold a Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) from mid-2017 to mid-2019 in which the international research and operational forecasting communites will work together with stakeholders in a period of intensive observing, modeling, prediction, verification, user engagement, and educational activities.