Conservation of Isotopic Spin and Isotopic Gauge Invariance

TLDR

The usual principle of invariance under isotopic spin rotation is inconsistent with localized fields. The study explores invariance under local isotopic spin rotations. This leads to a principle of isotopic gauge invariance and a b field analogous to the electromagnetic field, satisfying nonlinear differential equations and whose quanta are spin‑1, isotopic spin‑1 particles carrying charge ±e or zero.

Abstract

It is pointed out that the usual principle of invariance under isotopic spin rotation is not consistant with the concept of localized fields. The possibility is explored of having invariance under local isotopic spin rotations. This leads to formulating a principle of isotopic gauge invariance and the existence of a b field which has the same relation to the isotopic spin that the electromagnetic field has to the electric charge. The b field satisfies nonlinear differential equations. The quanta of the b field are particles with spin unity, isotopic spin unity, and electric charge $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}e$ or zero.