Large-eddy simulation of stratified turbulent flows over heterogeneous landscapes

Abstract

Large-eddy simulation (LES) runs are performed to calculate flows over heterogeneous surfaces imitating small forest lakes. Regularities in the turbulent exchange of heat and momentum over such objects are examined. A weak sensitivity of turbulence characteristics over a “lake” to thermal stratification is noted. Problems of the representativeness of field eddy covariance measurements of turbulent fluxes over such objects are discussed.