Correlation of Marine ¹⁴C Ages from the Nordic Seas with the GISP2 Isotope Record: Implications for ¹⁴C Calibration Beyond 25 ka BP

Abstract

We present two new high-resolution sediment records from the southwestern Iceland and Norwegian Seas that were dated by numerous 14 C ages up to 54 14 C ka bp. Based on various lines of evidence, the local 14 C reservoir effect was restricted to 400–1600 yr. The planktic stable isotope records reveal several meltwater spikes that were sampled with an average time resolution of 50 yr in PS2644 and 130 yr in core 23071 during isotope stage 3. Most of the δ 18 O spikes correlate peak-by-peak to the stadials and cold rebounds of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in the annual-layer counted GISP2 ice core, with the major spikes reflecting the Heinrich events 1–6. This correlation indicates large fluctuations in the calibration of 14 C ages between 20 and 54 14 C ka bp. Generally the results confirm the 14 C age shifts as predicted by the geomagnetic model of Laj, Mazaud and Duplessy (1996). However, the amplitude and speed of the abrupt decrease and subsequent major increase of our 14 C shifts after 45 14 C ka bp clearly exceed the geomagnetic prediction near 40–43 and 32–34 calendar (cal) ka bp. At these times, the geomagnetic field intensity minima linked to the Laschamp and the Mono Lake excursions and confirmed by a local geomagnetic record, probably led to a sudden increase in cosmogenic 14 C and 10 Be production, giving rise to excess 14 C in the atmosphere of up to 1200%.