Distribution, biology, genetics, and improvement programs for Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens around the world.

Abstract

The distribution of natural forests and plantations of E. globulus and E. nitens is outlined. The total global area of plantations of E. globulus was about 1,700,000 ha at the end of 1995, whilst that for E. nitens stood at about 150,000 ha. In the period 1991 to 1995, about 350,000 and 100,000 ha of new plantations of E. globulus and E. nitens respectively were established, largely in Portugal, Spain, Chile, Australia and Uruguay. Based on proposed planting rates, the period 1995 to 1999 may see a further increase of new plantations of about 180,000 and 70,000 ha. The main end-use of plantations is for the pulp and paper industry. When compared on the same sites in Australia, E. globulus has on average the higher basic density and slightly higher pulp yield. Biological aspects such as site preferences, growth rates, pests, and diseases, and establishment and management prescriptions are discussed. Information is summarised on genetic control of important traits, and tree improvement programs around the world.