20:T501,The purpose of this cross-sectional, masked study was to compare the oral status of perinatally HIV-infected children with their uninfected siblings living in the same environment. A secondary purpose was to compare HIV-positive children for differences in oral health with respect to disease advancement. One hundred forty-seven children were examined in their homes and meeting places, using NIH criteria for caries diagnosis. Significant differences were found in the number of caries-free children (P < 0.05), past caries experience (P < 0.003), subsurface demineralizations (P < 0.0001), and caries-related bacteria (P < 0.05). However, differences in caries prevalence were not found in the 3- to 6-year-old subgroup. Caries prevalence (P < 0.001) and levels of caries-related flora in saliva were correlated to years since diagnosis (mutans streptococci P < 0.008, lactobacilli P < 0.02). Children with a more advanced disease stage had significantly more caries (P < 0.02). Among the HIV-infected children, the frequency of carbohydrate intake was clearly correlated to caries (P < 0.003) and to lactobacilli levels (P < 0.0001). It is concluded that children with perinatally acquired HIV are at greater risk for caries than their siblings, more so with advancing disease.21:T422,This study examined the significance of age and clinical factors on the diagnosis of alveolar bone loss (ABL) as evidenced by increased cementoenamel junction (CEJ)--alveolar bone crest (ABC) distances. The CEJ-ABC for the first and second primary molars were 0.97 +/- 0.3 mm and 0.78 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively. Age correlated significantly with the means CEJ-ABC per patient and second primary molars. Correlations between probing depths and CEJ-ABC were not significant. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences between CEJ-ABC grouped by presence/absence of proximal contact, presence/absence of lamina dura and proximal contact, presence/absence of lamina dura and proximal caries severity (PCS). Differences in the CEJ-ABC grouped by gender and gingival index (GI) were not significant. When considering the effect of age PCS or GI when controlling for the other factors (Multiple regression analysis) age and PCS had a significant effect on the CEJ-ABC. Proximal contact loss or lack of lamina dura may relate to ABL in the primary molars.

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