Right‐to‐Left Shunt Assessed by Contrast Transcranial Doppler Sonography

Abstract

Contrast TCDS with VM shows a TEE-proven RLS with 100% sensitivity, but this was not true with galactose application without VM or agitated saline with or without VM. Therefore, use of the galactose contrast agent with VM is strongly recommended for detecting an RLS on TCDS. However, the arrival time and number of MESs detected need to be tested further.