EUFORGEN Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Abstract

a pioneer species that readily regenerates after major natural or human disturbances, if weed competition and grazing pressure are low. Natural stands are often pure and fairly even-aged. The species grows predominantly on poorer, sandy soils, rocky outcrops, peat bogs or close to the forest limit. On fertile sites, Scots pine is outcompeted by other—usually spruce or broad-leaved—tree species. The species is wind-pollinated and has both male and female flowers on the same tree. Flowering is frequent; female flowering starts at the age of 15 years on solitary trees (on grafts, as early as 6–8 years) or 25–30 years in closed stands. Abundant male flowering appears some years later. Mast years are relatively frequent but at the boreal forest limit seed maturation is impeded by the short growing season; mast years may occur as seldom as once or twice in 100 years. Pinus sylvestris