Infant and Child Development · 2016 · 51 citations · 58 references
Social SciencesHuman DevelopmentPsychologyChild DevelopmentDevelopmental PsychologyNonverbal CommunicationEye ContactEye Movement AnalysisHead-eye CoordinationInfancy DevelopmentInfant DevelopmentParent-child InteractionBehavioral SynchronizationEye Gaze BehaviorGaze Behavior AnalysisGaze DynamicsGaze SynchronyLongitudinal Corpus AnalysisSocial FeedbackTemporal Structure Analysis
Gaze is one of the first and most important means of communication and coordination in parent–infant dyads. In the present paper we used a novel method, designed to discover patterns in time‐series, to investigate the dynamics of gaze in dyads and its developmental change. Using a longitudinal corpus of natural interactions, mutual mother–infant gaze was coded when the infants were 3, 6, and 8 months old and subjected to recurrence analysis. The cross‐recurrence profiles obtained for the three time points show systematic differences: While the engagement in mutual gaze decreases with age, the behaviour becomes more tightly coupled as a more regular temporal structure emerges. We suggest that this stronger interdependency of gaze behaviour may indicate the development of a social feedback loop enabling engagement in interaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
58
Linear Mixed-Effects Models using 'Eigen' and S4
Douglas M. Bates, Martin Maechler, Benjamin M. Bolker et al. · 2015 · 6K citations