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A particle swarm approach for optimizing a multi-stage closed loop supply chain for the solar cell industry

Electrical EngineeringSupply Chain OptimizationParticle Swarm ApproachEngineeringEnergy ManagementSupply NetworkEnergy OptimizationComputer EngineeringSolar Cell IndustrySystems EngineeringSupply ChainBusinessSupply Chain DesignSupply Chain ManagementClosed-loop Supply ChainLoop Supply ChainOperations Research