Morphological and Morphometric Renal Changes in the Adult Albino Rat Following Oral Administration of Deltamethrin and the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin "E"

Abstract

Background: Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid type II. It is highly effective against a broad spectrum of insects. The main sources of population exposures are the contaminated food and water. Deleterious effects of deltamethrin on some organs such as kidney, liver, spleen and lung were reported. Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into three groups; group I (control group), group II (deltamethrin group) and group III (deltamethrin and vitamin E group). The animals were sacrificed after two weeks. The kidneys were extracted and prepared for both light and electron microscopically studies. Morphometric study was done to study the percentage of collagen fibers and the percentage of affected glomeruli. Results: The kidneys of rats group II showed shrunken glomeruli, intraglomerular congestion, mesangeal hyperplasia with narrowing of the capsular spaces and thickening of the Bowman's capsules. Degeneration of mitochondria, loss of apical microvilli and rarefaction of the cytoplasm were observed in the electron microscopically study. The histomorphometric study revealed that, the mean percentage of the glomerular affection as well as the mean percentage of collagen fibers increased significantly in the rats group II when compared with the control group. Improvement of the histological pattern in the glomeruli as well as in the proximal convoluted tubules was observed after vitamin E administration (group III). Although the mean percentage of the glomerular affection and the mean percentage of collagen fibers increased significantly in the rats group III when compared with the control group yet their values were much lower than those of the rats group II. Conclusion: It can be concluded that deltamethrin had a deleterious effects on the histological structure of the kidney. Early and regular treatment with vitamin E could ameliorate the nephropathological alterations induced by deltamethrin.