PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTES OF EMBELIA TSJERIAM COTTAM LINN

Abstract

Four different fungal endophytes (Cladosporium cladosporiodes, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger and Alternaria sp.) were isolated from buds and leaf of Embelia tsjeriam cottam. Three different solvents were used to analyze the phytochemicals in all the endophytes. The Cladosporium cladosporiodes yielded flavonoids (in ethyl acetate), phenols, tannins and cardiac glycosides (in petroleum ether and hexane). Saponins and tannins (in ethyl acetate), phenols (in hexane) and cardiac glycosides present in Penicillium sp. Aspergillus niger showed the presence of saponins (in ethyl acetate), phenols and cardiac glycosides (in all solvents). Alternaria sp yielded the flavonoids (in petroleum ether), phenols (in hexane) and cardiac glycosides (in hexane and ethyl acetate). In antibacterial activity, the Aspergillus niger(ethyl acetae extract) inhibited the Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Shigella flexneri strongly whereas hexane also inhibited the growth of Klebseilla pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis. Ethyl acetate extract of Alternaria sp controlled the growth of Klebseilla pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis and ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium sp inhibited the growth of Klebseilla pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis. The activity may be due to the presence of phytochemicals (phenols, flavonoids, tannins or cardiac glycosides). Cladosporium cladosporiodes have not evaluated antibacterial activity against tested bacteria.