Effects of Lead Exposure on DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Reproductive and Vital Organs in Female Rabbits

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effect of prolonged lead exposure on DNA damage and tissue apoptosis of female rabbits. Thirty mature female New Zealand rabbits were used in three groups, each of ten animals. The first group served as a control, the second group (low dose group) and the third group (high dose group) were given lead acetate at a dose of 15 mg/kg and 30mg/kg respectively. Lead acetate was given by oral route for 8 weeks (five days a week). By the end of the experiment, tissue samples were collected for DNA extraction and pathological examination of the reproductive and vital organs. Results revealed that lead induced cellular DNA damage and tissue apoptosis. Pathological examination of the ovarian tissues showed diffused atretic and degenerative changes of growing and mature follicles. Diffused apoptosis of the epithelial lining of the endometrial and uterine glands were seen. Degeneration and focal necrosis in the vital organs as liver, heart, kidney and brain were noticed. Infarction of the kidneys was detected at high dose group. Intranuclear specific inclusion bodies in liver and kidney tissues were detected. In conclusion, lead acetate has a direct effect on DNA causing damage and apoptosis in tissue of female rabbit and may contribute in reduction of fertility. Also chronic lead toxicity is responsible for hepatic, myocardium, nervous pathological changes and renal failure of rabbits.