1988 · 16 citations · 0 references
Natural SciencesChemical EngineeringChemistryAutomotive MaterialsCatalysisMetallurgyCatalyst DesignCatalytic MaterialsCatalytic Reaction EngineeringIndustrial CatalysisMetal CatalysisSupported CatalystsAir Emissions StandardsConvertersEmissions ControlMetal CatalystsPlatinum Group Metal CatalystsSupported Metal CatalystsSupported Oxidation CatalystsThree-way Catalysis
Modem autocatalysts are complex, multi-component systems which, when combined with vehicle fuel calibration systems, are able to provide the activity, selectivity and durability required to meet the exacting emissions standards now demanded. In addition to the platinum group metals, one of the major components in current three-way catalysts is ceria, whose main role was originally thought to involve oxygen storage under tran-sient conditions. In practice, the situation is more complex, with ceria contributing to a number of catalytic functions and also interacting with the active platinum group metals. Catalytic converters have been the universally accepted method of automobile emissions con-trol in the U.S.A. and Japan since the mid 1 9 7 0 s ~ and more recently have been adopted in Australia. Two types of catalyst have been used. Oxidation catalysts convert unburnt