Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans from Various Stationary Sources

Abstract

This work investigated the characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in stack-flue gases from six stationary emission sources in five types of incinerators: industrial waste incinerator (IWI), small-scale municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), medical waste incinerator (MWI), cement kilns (CK), and crematories (CR). These characteristics were further investigated using factor analysis and cluster analysis. Experimental results reveal that PCDDs dominate MSWI and CR, and PCDFs dominate IWIa, IWIb, CK and MWIs. The factor analysis results showed that CR and MSWI have similar fingerprints, as do IWIb and MWI3. The cluster analysis showed that if a vertical line is cut at a rescaled distance of four, then the PCDD/F congener profiles fall into four groups. The indicators of PCDD/Fs are OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD. The emission factors of PCDD/Fs herein were from 0.0433 (CK) to 18.7 (MSWI) μg I-TEQ/ton-feedstock.