IMPLEMENTATION OF "ONE MUST AND FIVE REDUCTIONS" IN RICE PRODUCTION, IN AN GIANG PROVINCE

Abstract

Household survey and focus group discussion conducted in An Giang province indicated that more FFS-farmers who underwent 13 weeks - FFS training and participating in the model of “1 Must- 5 Reductions” than control farmers used certified seeds which are bought from seed producer, research institute and seed company or farmers’ seed production team with guidance from provincial extension center/university. FFS-farmers participating in the model also used row seeding and low seed rate more than control farmers. Water saving (AWD) was trained before the model together with “Three reductions- Three gains” (of which integrated pest management- IPM, balance fertilizer, reducing seed rate was trained). Farmers recognized that AWD increases plant vigor, reduces lodging and insect and disease, increases rice yield and reduces cost of pumping. However, AWD is more effective in dry season than in wet season because farmers need to pump water out. Farmers are confident on applying balance fertilizer due to long time experience, training and information. FFS-farmers reduced amounts of fertilizer and cost as compared with control farmers. FFS- farmers spent less cost for pesticide than control farmers, thus they also had less labor input. Farmers were familiar with combine harvesters and reapers to reduce post harvest loss. However, more FFS-farmers applied machines in harvesting and rice drying than control farmers outside due to some objective conditions as small field parcels. FFS-farmers had better practices and knowledge in relation to “One Must and Five Reductions” than control farmers such as weed management, harvesting, drying and storing. They obtained higher net income in rice production than control farmers. Therefore, the sound strategies in dissemination of the “One Must and Five Reductions” can increase rice quality, quantity and farmer’s benefit in the rural areas.