Influence of dye industrial effluent on physico chemical characteristics properties of soil at Bhairavgarh, Ujjain, MP, India

Abstract

Soil degradation from various inorganic and organic contaminants, is not only an ecological risk, but simultaneously it is also a Socio-economic issue, such soils become poor in physicochemical properties, susceptible to erosion, loss of productivity, sustainability and diminished food chain quality. The dye industrial effluent directly used for irrigation at Bhairavgarh area Ujjain city. Soil samples were collected from both areas i.e. contaminated (irrigated with effluent water) and uncontaminated areas (not irrigated with effluent water) at 0-25cm depth for analysis. Three sites were selected in each area for collection of soil samples from ten different locations. Before irrigation waste water analysed for selected parameters i.e. pH, electric conductance, bicarbonate, chloride, Ca, Mg, Na and K ions while in soil samples various parameters analysed were pH, electric conductance, water holding capacity, bicarbonates, Ca, Mg, Na, K ions, total organic carbon and organic matter. Results indicate that water was alkaline in nature. Chloride was highest (700mg/l) in W1 samples and lowest (500mg/l) at W2 samples while other parameters also have great variability. Results of soil samples indicate its neutral to slight alkaline nature. Cation and anion concentration, organic carbon and organic matter were also shows a wide variation in contaminated soil samples as compared to uncontaminated samples. The study concluded that the continuous application of effluent appears to deteriorate soil quality in the area.