International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering · 2011 · 10 citations · 14 references
EngineeringMaterials EngineeringMaterials ScienceFluid DynamicsHeat TransferTransport PhenomenaHeat ConductionHeat FlowHeat Transfer FundamentalsHeat Transfer In FluidsNanoparticle CharacterizationThermodynamics Of NanomaterialsColloidal SuspensionsConvective Heat TransferHeat Transfer CoefficientsNusselt NumberPressure DropPressure Drop MeasurementShape FactorThermal Conductivity
The convective heat transfer of ZnO/water colloidal suspensions is investigated experimentally to appreciate the influence of two shapes of nanoparticles. Pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients have been measured at two different inlet temperatures (20, 50°C) in heating and/or cooling conditions at various flow rates (200 < Re < 15,000). The Reynolds and Nusselt numbers have been determined by using thermal conductivity and viscosity measured in the same conditions as those in tests. The results obtained are compared with classical correlations. An energetic Performance Evaluation Criterion (PEC) has been defined to compare heat transfer rate to pumping power.
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Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids With Nanoparticles
Stephen U. S. Choi · 1995 · 9.2K citations · Full text
A treatise on electricity and magnetism
Journal of the Franklin Institute · 1954 · 9.1K citations