MitoCarta2.0: an updated inventory of mammalian mitochondrial proteins

TLDR

Mitochondria house essential pathways for energy metabolism, ion homeostasis, signalling, and apoptosis. The study aims to create an accurate inventory of mitochondrial protein components to better understand mitochondrial pathways in health and disease. The authors reconstructed separate human and mouse inventories using improved gene models, updated literature curation, sub‑compartment proteomics, homology mapping, and revised data sets, building on the 2008 MitoCarta framework. The updated MitoCarta2.0 contains 1158 human and 1158 mouse genes, adding 240 and 191 new genes respectively, and offers a molecular framework for system‑level mitochondrial analysis.

Abstract

Mitochondria are complex organelles that house essential pathways involved in energy metabolism, ion homeostasis, signalling and apoptosis. To understand mitochondrial pathways in health and disease, it is crucial to have an accurate inventory of the organelle's protein components. In 2008, we made substantial progress toward this goal by performing in-depth mass spectrometry of mitochondria from 14 organs, epitope tagging/microscopy and Bayesian integration to assemble MitoCarta (www.broadinstitute.org/pubs/MitoCarta): an inventory of genes encoding mitochondrial-localized proteins and their expression across 14 mouse tissues. Using the same strategy we have now reconstructed this inventory separately for human and for mouse based on (i) improved gene transcript models, (ii) updated literature curation, including results from proteomic analyses of mitochondrial sub-compartments, (iii) improved homology mapping and (iv) updated versions of all seven original data sets. The updated human MitoCarta2.0 consists of 1158 human genes, including 918 genes in the original inventory as well as 240 additional genes. The updated mouse MitoCarta2.0 consists of 1158 genes, including 967 genes in the original inventory plus 191 additional genes. The improved MitoCarta 2.0 inventory provides a molecular framework for system-level analysis of mammalian mitochondria.