Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of Composite Power Systems Under Emission Constraints

Abstract

In view of the increasing role of environmental considerations in power generation, there is an evolving body of reliability methods that are cognizant of these emerging factors. This paper presents a method for analyzing the reliability of composite power systems under the constraints of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> emissions. It also utilizes the concept of the shadow price to perform sensitivity analysis with respect to these constraints. The method presented here uses a linearized power flow representation in the form of a linear programming (LP) model similar to those frequently used in power system reliability studies. In addition to power balance and flow constraints normally used, this work introduces a suitably formulated set of emission constraints. The dual solution of the LP provides the shadow prices that are used for determining the sensitivities. This paper also develops relationships for the sensitivities of several reliability indices with respect to the emission allowances. The method is demonstrated on the IEEE-RTS and the results are presented.