Cardiac hypertrophy and function in asymptomatic acromegaly

Abstract

Heart disease frequently occurs in advanced acromegaly. In order to investigate cardiac mass and function in acromegaly in the absence of obvious cardiac disease, we performed Doppler echocardiography in 15 asymptomatic acromegalic patients (six of them had systemic hypertension). The data were compared with those of a group of 10 age-matched controls. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was increased in acromegaly (110 +/- 32 vs 32 +/- 12 g m-2, P = 0.02), but shortening fraction and systolic time intervals did not differ. Mitral EF slope was decreased (80 +/- 21 vs 101 +/- 30 mms-1, P less than 0.02), while the duration of the isovolumic relaxation period (IRP) was increased (92 +/- 13 vs 69 +/- 16 ms, P less than 0.01). Hypertensive acromegalic patients (n = 6) had a higher LVMI than normotensive acromegalic patients (n = 9) (133 +/- 27 vs 94 +/- 24 g m-2, P = 0.02) and this was confirmed by a meta-analysis of data in the literature: the prevalence of hypertrophy was 76% in the presence of hypertension vs 50% in its absence, P less than 0.002. IRP was prolonged in normotensive acromegalic patients vs normal controls (90 +/- 11 vs 69 +/- 16 ms, P less than 0.01). In conclusion, subclinical cardiac abnormalities occur frequently in acromegaly in the absence of obvious heart disease, and hypertrophy is observed in asymptomatic hypertensive acromegaly. Moreover, diastolic abnormalities are found in asymptomatic acromegaly and could be caused by several heart-related factors.