Monthly Weather Review · 1969 · 98 citations · 14 references
Natural SciencesEarth SciencesMeteorologyAtmospheric ScienceClimatologyWeather ForecastingClimate ModelingConvective MeteorologyForecast VerificationPlanetary Boundary LayerPrecipitation ForecastingAnticyclone ClimatologyCyclonic PrecipitationExtratropical CyclonesGeneral Circulation Of The AtmosphereLand - Sea Thermal ContrastLand-sea Temperature ContrastTurbulent Flux ExchangeTurbulent Heat Exchange
Two-week predictions were made for two winter cases by applying the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory high-resolution, nine-level, hemispheric, moist general circulation model. Three versions of the model are discussed: Experiment 1 includes the orography but not the radiative transfer or the turbulent exchange of heat and moisture with the lower boundary; Experiment 2 accounts for all of these effects as well as land-sea contrast; Experiment 3 allows, in addition, the difference in thermal properties between the land-ice and sea-ice surfaces, as well as an 80% relative humidity condensation criterion reduced from the 100% criterion in Experiments 1 and 2.
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The Oceans, Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology
L. A. Walford, H. U. Iverdrup, Martin W. Johnson et al. · Copeia · 1943 · 2.4K citations
The Heat Balance of the Earth's Surface
M. I. Budyko · Soviet Geography · 1961 · 891 citations