International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry · 2002 · 71 citations · 8 references
EngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringPharmaceutical AnalysisMass Spectrometric AnalysisWastewater TreatmentWater TreatmentChromatographyContaminant AnalysisToxicological Screening Of PharmaceuticalsWastewater CharacterizationWastewater ChemistryAnalytical Methods For WastewaterPharmaceutical PollutionPharmaceutical RemovalSewage Sludge TreatmentSewage Treatment SystemsWater System Sanitization
Five acidic drugs (clofibric acid, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid and diclofenac) were chosen in order to determine their behavior in a sewage treatment plant (STP). An analytical method using solid phase extraction (SPE) and a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used. The results show that four pharmaceuticals (clofibric acid, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid and diclofenac) are not well removed by treatment in Swiss STPs. Maximum concentration in the effluent was determined for mefenamic acid up to 1.0 µg/L. This component seems to be relevant in Swiss STPs effluents and we can expect its presence in surface waters.
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Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment
Roman Hirsch, Thomas A. Ternes, Klaus Haberer et al. · The Science of The Total Environment · 1999 · 2.1K citations
Martindale. The Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Annals of Internal Medicine · 1983 · 1.1K citations · Full text