20:T517,As part of a larger epidemiological survey of a stratified sample of 12-year-old handicapped children in Flanders, Belgium, the present study describes gingival health, gingival hypertrophy, oral cleanliness and the presence of calculus. Statistical analysis was performed with motor skills, brushing help, the use of chemical agents, the use of anti-epileptic drugs, the knowledge of parents and educators (or caregivers) and their opinion of the oral hygiene of their children/ pupils as response variables. From this study, it became clear that mildly mentally retarded and learning-impaired children had significantly better manual dexterity skills than moderately and severely mentally retarded and physically impaired children. However, this was not reflected in improved oral hygiene. The use of chemical plaque controlling agents was found to be extremely low and, with the exception of children with gingival hyperplasia, the users of these agents did not have better oral hygiene. No difference was found between subtypes in the opinion of parents and educators on oral status. There was, however, a difference between their assessment and the clinical picture. It was concluded that there was a need for in-service training programmes in oral health care for educators as well as for parents.21:T501,The purpose of this cross-sectional, masked study was to compare the oral status of perinatally HIV-infected children with their uninfected siblings living in the same environment. A secondary purpose was to compare HIV-positive children for differences in oral health with respect to disease advancement. One hundred forty-seven children were examined in their homes and meeting places, using NIH criteria for caries diagnosis. Significant differences were found in the number of caries-free children (P < 0.05), past caries experience (P < 0.003), subsurface demineralizations (P < 0.0001), and caries-related bacteria (P < 0.05). However, differences in caries prevalence were not found in the 3- to 6-year-old subgroup. Caries prevalence (P < 0.001) and levels of caries-related flora in saliva were correlated to years since diagnosis (mutans streptococci P < 0.008, lactobacilli P < 0.02). Children with a more advanced disease stage had significantly more caries (P < 0.02). Among the HIV-infected children, the frequency of carbohydrate intake was clearly correlated to caries (P < 0.003) and to lactobacilli levels (P < 0.0001). It is concluded that children with perinatally acquired HIV are at greater risk for caries than their siblings, more so with advancing disease.22:T4e1,The purpose of the present study was to describe oral health status in a group of hospitalized mental patients, and to study the association between dental caries and mental illness. A total of 278 psychiatric patients admitted to a regional Danish hospital were described with respect to the number of teeth present, DMFS, gingival and periodontal status and presence of removable dentures. The oral health status of the hospitalized mental patients was relatively poor compared with the general population of the area. For instance, actual decayed surfaces were found among 55% of the participants compared to the reference figure of 23% in the general population. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated that DMFS was related to duration of mental illness and to psychiatric diagnosis. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of actual decayed surfaces was associated with neglect of toothbrushing, subjective symptoms of xerostomia and participation in the hospital dental program. To conclude, variables of mental illness and psychiatric treatment and care were demonstrated to influence oral health. This underlines the need of special preventive programs aimed at hospitalized psychiatric patients.23:T55a,

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