A Scale for the Assessment of Hedonic Tone the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale

TLDR

Hedonic tone and anhedonia are key in psychopathology, yet existing assessment tools are lengthy and potentially culturally biased. The authors developed a 14‑item Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale by selecting frequent pleasure‑related situations from a large population sample, eliminating culturally sensitive items, and validating the questionnaire in general and psychiatric cohorts. The SHAPS demonstrated a score range that discriminates normal from abnormal responses, with satisfactory validity and reliability, making it suitable for psychopathological research.

Abstract

Background Hedonic tone and its absence, anhedonia, are important in psychopathological research, but instruments for their assessment are lengthy and probably culturally biased. Method A new scale was constructed from the responses of a large sample of the general population to a request to list six situations which afforded pleasure. The most frequent items were reviewed and those likely to be affected by cultural setting, age, or sex were removed. A pilot study led to an abbreviated scale of 14 items, covering four domains of pleasure response. This questionnaire was subjected to psychometric evaluation in new samples from the general population and psychiatric patients. Results The scale was found to have a score range that would distinguish a ‘normal’ from an ‘abnormal’ response. Validity and reliability were found to be satisfactory. Conclusions The new scale, the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), is an instrument which may be recommended for psychopathological research.