The Analysis of Proximities: Multidimensional Scaling with an Unknown Distance Function. I.
Psychometrika · 1962 · 2.5K citations · 35 references
A computer program is described that is designed to reconstruct the metric configuration of a set of points in Euclidean space on the basis of essentially nonmetric information about that configuration. A minimum set of Cartesian coordinates for the points is determined when the only available information specifies for each pair of those points—not the distance between them—but some unknown, fixed monotonic function of that distance. The program is proposed as a tool for reductively analyzing several types of psychological data, particularly measures of interstimulus similarity or confusability, by making explicit the multidimensional structure underlying such data.
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Multidimensional Scaling: I. Theory and Method
Warren S. Torgerson · Psychometrika · 1952
2.1K citations
Donald F. Morrison, Harry H. Harman · Journal of the American Statistical Association · 1961
1.2K citations
Theory and Methods of Scaling.
Louis Guttman, Warren S. Torgerson · American Sociological Review · 1959
1K citations
Mathematics, measurement, and psychophysics.
S. S. Stevens · 1951
Measurement TheoryMathematical PsychologyMeasurement Models+5
872 citations
Roger N. Shepard · Psychometrika · 1957
467 citations