A precise eye-gaze detection and tracking system

Abstract

This paper describes a real-time contact-free eye-gaze tracking system that bases its accuracy in a very precise
\nestimation of the pupil centre. The eye camera follows the head movements maintaining the pupil centred in the
\nimage. When a tracking error is produced, the image from a camera with a wider field of view is used to locate
\nthe eye and quickly recover the tracking process. Four infrared light sources, synchronised with the shutter of
\nthe eye camera, are used to produce corneal glints. Its special shape has been exploited to allow the optimisation
\nof the image processing algorithms developed for this system. Special care has been taken in limiting the
\nillumination power and working way below the dangerous levels. After a calibration procedure, the line of gaze
\nis determined by using the pupil-glint vector. The glints are validated using the iris outline with the purpose of
\navoiding the glint distortion due to the changes in the curvature on the ocular globe. The proposed algorithms
\ndetermine the pupil centre with sub-pixel resolution, minimising the measurement error in the pupil-glint vector.