LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES

TLDR

Infrared galaxies dominate the local Universe above 10¹¹ L⊙, driven by mergers of gas‑rich spirals that trigger intense starbursts and, at the highest luminosities, circumnuclear starbursts plus AGN powered by concentrated molecular gas, and they may also be key to forming elliptical cores, globular clusters, and enriching the intergalactic medium. These ultraluminous infrared galaxies may represent an important stage in the formation of quasi‑stellar objects and powerful radio galaxies.

Abstract

▪ Abstract At luminosities above 10 11 [Formula: see text], infrared galaxies become the dominant population of extragalactic objects in the local Universe (z ≲ 0.3), being more numerous than optically selected starburst and Seyfert galaxies and quasi-stellar objects at comparable bolometric luminosity. The trigger for the intense infrared emission appears to be the strong interaction/merger of molecular gas-rich spirals, and the bulk of the infrared luminosity for all but the most luminous objects is due to dust heating from an intense starburst within giant molecular clouds. At the highest luminosities (L ir > 10 12 [Formula: see text]), nearly all objects appear to be advanced mergers powered by a mixture of circumnuclear starburst and active galactic nucleus energy sources, both of which are fueled by an enormous concentration of molecular gas that has been funneled into the merger nucleus. These ultraluminous infrared galaxies may represent an important stage in the formation of quasi-stellar objects and powerful radio galaxies. They may also represent a primary stage in the formation of elliptical galaxy cores, the formation of globular clusters, and the metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium.