Interleukin (IL)–12 and IL‐23 Are Key Cytokines for Immunity against Salmonella in Humans

Abstract

Patients with inherited deficiency of the interleukin (IL)-12/ IL-23-interferon (IFN)-g axis show increased susceptibility to invasive disease caused by the intramacrophage pathogens salmonellae and mycobacteria. We analyzed data on 154 patients with such deficiency. Significantly more patients with IL-12/ IL-23-component deficiency had a history of salmonella disease than did those with IFN-g-component deficiency. Salmonella disease was typically severe, extraintestinal, and caused by nontyphoidal serovars. These findings strongly suggest that IL-12/IL-23 is a key cytokine for immunity against salmonella in humans and that IL-12/IL-23 mediates this protective effect partly through IFN-g-independent pathways. Investigation of the IL-12/IL-23-IFN-g axis should be considered in patients with invasive salmonella disease.