Lipid class dynamics during development in early life stages of shortbelly rockfish and their application to condition assessment

Abstract

Lipid class dynamics and the relationship between weight and length were analysed during early life stage (ELS) development in wild populations of shortbelly rockfish Sebastes jordani to investigate their utility in a condition or nutritional status assessment. Analyses from more than 3000 field‐captured shortbelly rockfish indicated little variation in weight for a given length and provided limited application in the assessment of condition. The fractionation of total lipids into individual classes revealed trends in lipid metabolism throughout development. These trends were described best using a stage‐specific regression model, since Sebastes show defined early life history transitions. Among developmental stages, triacylglycerols (TAG) and polar lipids (PL) were the dominant lipid classes and cholesterol (CHOL), sterol/wax esters, and nonesterified fatty acids were found in lower concentrations. In the preflexion stage, low concentrations and constant levels of TAG along with the combined influence of endogenous and exogenous sources of energy compromised the use of TAG as an index of nutritional status. However, during flexion through juvenile stages, TAG levels increased indicating an accumulation of energy reserves with development, thus providing a valid indicator of nutritional status in later stages. Large fluctuations in PL concentrations during development suggested complex metabolism which may be due to changes in cell volume and cell membrane proliferation with development as well as catabolism. CHOL declined in larval stages, then remained constant with increasing size through the juvenile stage, negating its use as a normalizer for variations of mass in a TAG/CHOL ratio prior to juvenile transformation. This study provides the first documentation of lipid dynamics during early life stages following parturition in a marine viviparous teleost.