Macrophages Control Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Plasticity Through Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Mediated Nuclear Factor-κB Activation

Abstract

Our study highlights the role of macrophages in directing vascular stem/progenitor cell lineage commitment through TNF-α-mediated TNF-α receptor 1 and nuclear factor-κB activation that is likely required for endothelial repair in vascular diseases such as vein graft.