American Journal of Industrial Medicine · 2015 · 18 citations · 23 references
Public HealthInjury PreventionManufacturing EngineeringOccupational HealthOccupational Injury PreventionWorkplace Injury PreventionIndustrial SafetyLockout-tagout ProceduresMachine GuardingOccupational SafetySafe Work PracticesWorkplace SafetyInspection ChecklistsLockout InspectionLockout ProceduresMachine Guarding InspectionMachine Operator SafetyMachine SafetyOperatorsSafeguarding Mechanisms
BACKGROUND: Metal fabrication workers experience high rates of traumatic occupational injuries. Machine operators in particular face high risks, often stemming from the absence or improper use of machine safeguarding or the failure to implement lockout procedures. METHODS: The National Machine Guarding Program (NMGP) was a translational research initiative implemented in conjunction with two workers' compensation insures. Insurance safety consultants trained in machine guarding used standardized checklists to conduct a baseline inspection of machine-related hazards in 221 business. RESULTS: Safeguards at the point of operation were missing or inadequate on 33% of machines. Safeguards for other mechanical hazards were missing on 28% of machines. Older machines were both widely used and less likely than newer machines to be properly guarded. Lockout/tagout procedures were posted at only 9% of machine workstations. CONCLUSIONS: The NMGP demonstrates a need for improvement in many aspects of machine safety and lockout in small metal fabrication businesses.
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The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
J. Richard Landis, Gary G. Koch · Biometrics · 1977 · 78.9K citations · Full text
Occupational Injury and Illness in the United States
J. Paul Leigh · Archives of Internal Medicine · 1997 · 510 citations