Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society · 2015 · 28 citations · 19 references
Natural SciencesPhysicsStochastic ProcessesTheoretical PhysicsThermodynamicsBoundary ConditionsChaos TheoryDissipative SystemsNoiseStochastic Differential EquationsDirichlet Boundary ConditionsHeat Diffusion EquationHeat EquationNeumann Boundary ConditionsWhite NoiseWhite Noise Excitation
Consider the semilinear heat equation <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="partial-differential Subscript t Baseline u equals partial-differential Subscript x Superscript 2 Baseline u plus lamda sigma left-parenthesis u right-parenthesis xi"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∂ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∂ </mml:mi> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi> λ </mml:mi> <mml:mi> σ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mi> ξ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\partial _t u = \partial ^2_x u + \lambda \sigma (u)\xi</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> on the interval <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-bracket 0 comma upper L right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">[0\,,L]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with Dirichlet zero-boundary condition and a nice non-random initial function, where the forcing <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="xi"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi> ξ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\xi</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is space-time white noise and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="lamda greater-than 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi> λ </mml:mi> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda >0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> denotes the level of the noise. We show that, when the solution is intermittent [that is, when <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="inf Underscript z Endscripts StartAbsoluteValue sigma left-parenthesis z right-parenthesis slash z EndAbsoluteValue greater-than 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:munder> <mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">inf</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> </mml:munder> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi> σ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\inf _z|\sigma (z)/z|>0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> ], the expected <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L squared"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">L^2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -energy of the solution grows at least as <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="exp left-brace c lamda squared right-brace"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>exp</mml:mi> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi> λ </mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\exp \{c\lambda ^2\}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and at most as <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="exp left-brace c lamda Superscript 4 Baseline right-brace"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>exp</mml:mi> <mml:mo> </mml:mo> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi> λ </mml:mi> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\exp \{c\lambda ^4\}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> as <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="lamda right-arrow normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi> λ </mml:mi> <mml:
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Dynamic Scaling of Growing Interfaces
Mehran Kardar, Giorgio Parisi, Yi-Cheng Zhang · Physical Review Letters · 1986 · 5.4K citations