Self-replicating loop with universal construction

Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

James Dewey Watson, Francis Crick · Nature · 1953 · 13.2K citations

Life Sciences, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology +16

Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata

Jacob T. Schwartz, John von Neumann, Arthur W. Burks · Mathematics of Computation · 1967 · 5.5K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Mathematics +10

Nanosystems, molecular machinery, manufacturing and computation

Coordination Chemistry Reviews · 1996 · 975 citations

Natural Sciences, Computational Engineering, Materials Science +12

Self-reproduction in cellular automata

Christopher G. Langton · Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena · 1984 · 573 citations · Full text

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Dynamical Systems +8

Toward robust integrated circuits: The embryonics approach

Daniel Mange, Moshe Sipper, André Stauffer et al. · Proceedings of the IEEE · 2000 · 201 citations

Engineering, Bioengineering, Computer Engineering +11