Texture, Morphology and Photovoltaic Characteristics of Nanoporous F:SnO₂Films

Abstract

The nanoporous <TEX>$F:SnO_2$</TEX> materials have been prepared through the controlled hydrolysis of fluoro(2-methylbutan-2-oxy)di(pentan-2,4-dionato)tin followed by thermal treatment at <TEX>$400-550^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The main IR features include resonances at 660, 620 and 540 cm-1. From the TG-DTG result, three main mass losses of 6.5, 13.3 and 3.8 at 81, 289 and <TEX>$490^{\circ}C$</TEX> are observed between 50 and <TEX>$650^{\circ}C$</TEX> yielding a final residue of 76.0%. The size of Sn <TEX>$O_2$</TEX> nanoparticles rose from 5 nm to 10-12 nm as the temperature of thermal treatment is increased from 400 to <TEX>$550^{\circ}C$</TEX>.