The <i>S</i> -transform with windows of arbitrary and varying shape

Abstract

Abstract The S-transform is an invertible time-frequency spectral localization technique which combines elements of wavelet transforms and short-time Fourier transforms. In previous usage, the frequency dependence of the analyzing window of the S-transform has been through horizontal and vertical dilations of a basic functional form, usually a Gaussian. In this paper, we present a generalized S-transform in which two prescribed functions of frequency control the scale and the shape of the analyzing window, and apply it to determining P-wave arrival time in a noisy seismogram. The S-transform is also used as a time-frequency filter; this helps in determining the sign of the P arrival.