Both protamine-1 to protamine-2 mRNA ratio and Bcl2 mRNA content in testicular spermatids and ejaculated spermatozoa discriminate between fertile and infertile men

Abstract

We found significantly aberrant protamine ratios and a higher Bcl2 content in TB and E of infertile men compared to controls, suggesting that these molecules may be useful biomarkers for predicting male infertility.