Ultimate strength of concentrically loaded cold-formed angles

Abstract

Results of the tests carried out on eight 45 × 45 × 3 mm and eight 65 × 65 × 4 mm concentrically loaded cold-formed single angles with hinged end conditions are presented. The nominal slenderness ratios of the test specimens varied from 90 to 250. Experimental failure loads are compared with loads calculated in accordance with North American and European specifications. A finite element computer program, which takes into account the effect of the initial out-of-straightness, was developed to predict the flexural failure loads of cold-formed angle sections. The out-of-straightness of the test specimens was measured. Load–deflection curves were obtained experimentally and theoretically. The magnitude and distribution of residual strains were also determined.