Miltefosine Effectively Modulates the Cytokine Milieu in Indian Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

Abstract

Miltefosine increased the proportion of monocytes that have a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which was accompanied by an enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased levels of serum nitrite. The decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and serum arginase activity collectively indicated that miltefosine triggered a robust T-helper 1 response that facilitated parasite elimination.