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The early design stage for building renovation with a novel loop-heat-pipe based solar thermal facade (LHP-STF) heat pump water heating system: Techno-economic analysis in three European climates

Energy RefurbishmentEngineeringEnergy EfficiencyEnergy ManagementSolar Thermal FacadeDesignHeat Pump WaterEarly Design StageHeat TransferBuilding EnergyHeat PumpThermal EngineeringSolar Thermal EnergySolar Cooling