Genomics in marine monitoring: New opportunities for assessing marine health status

TLDR

Genomic methods enable faster, more reliable taxonomic identification and improved assessment of marine water status. The paper examines how genomics can deliver accurate, rapid, cost‑efficient marine observations and offers guidelines for their standardized adoption. It reviews ready or promising genomic techniques—qPCR, SNP assays, DNA barcoding, microarrays, metagenetics, metagenomics, transcriptomics—maps them to existing indicators, and presents case studies comparing their cost and added value to traditional monitoring. Adopting these genomic approaches in next‑generation marine monitoring will help meet worldwide marine legislation goals.

Abstract

This viewpoint paper explores the potential of genomics technology to provide accurate, rapid, and cost efficient observations of the marine environment. The use of such approaches in next generation marine monitoring programs will help achieve the goals of marine legislation implemented world-wide. Genomic methods can yield faster results from monitoring, easier and more reliable taxonomic identification, as well as quicker and better assessment of the environmental status of marine waters. A summary of genomic methods that are ready or show high potential for integration into existing monitoring programs is provided (e.g. qPCR, SNP based methods, DNA barcoding, microarrays, metagenetics, metagenomics, transcriptomics). These approaches are mapped to existing indicators and descriptors and a series of case studies is presented to assess the cost and added value of these molecular techniques in comparison with traditional monitoring systems. Finally, guidelines and recommendations are suggested for how such methods can enter marine monitoring programs in a standardized manner.