Polymer International · 2000 · 839 citations · 14 references
Natural SciencesChemical EngineeringChemistryChemical KineticsPolymer ChemistryReaction EngineeringFree-radical PolymerizationLiving PolymerizationPolymer ProcessingPolymerization ChemistryPolymerization KineticsPolymerization ProcessesChain TransferEmulsion PolymerizationFree-radical Polymerization KineticsLiving Polymerization KineticsLiving Radical PolymerizationMild Reaction ConditionsPolymerization ReactionsReversible Addition-fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
Free radical polymerization with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT polymerization) is discussed with a view to answering the following questions: (a) How living is RAFT polymerization? (b) What controls the activity of thiocarbonylthio compounds in RAFT polymerization? (c) How do rates of polymerization differ from those of conventional radical polymerization? (d) Can RAFT agents be used in emulsion polymerization? Retardation, observed when high concentrations of certain RAFT agents are used and in the early stages of emulsion polymerization, and how to overcome it by appropriate choice of reaction conditions, are considered in detail. Examples of the use of thiocarbonylthio RAFT agents in emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization are provided. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
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Roshan T. A. Mayadunne, Ezio Rizzardo, John Chiefari et al. · Macromolecules · 1999 · 524 citations
Axel H. E. Müller, Rugang Zhuang, Deyue Yan et al. · Macromolecules · 1995 · 208 citations