Consequences of plant‐pollinator and floral‐herbivore interactions on the reproductive success of the Canary Islands endemic <i>Canarina canariensis</i> (Campanulaceae)

Abstract

Opportunistic nectar-feeding birds increase the production of viable seeds in C. canariensis, but their beneficial effects are counteracted by the high incidence of floral herbivory. Because native semi-slugs damaged anthers more frequently than did introduced rats, these florivores may differ in their effects on male and female plant reproductive success.